Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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9:32 minutes

Problem 41c,d

Textbook Question

The following names are all incorrect or incomplete, but they represent real structures. Draw each structure and name it correctly.
c. 5-chloro-4-methylhexane
d. 2-dimethylbutane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the name '5-chloro-4-methylhexane'. The name suggests a hexane backbone, which means the longest carbon chain should have 6 carbons. The substituents are a chlorine atom at the 5th carbon and a methyl group at the 4th carbon.

Step 2: Draw the structure based on the name '5-chloro-4-methylhexane'. Start by drawing a straight chain of 6 carbon atoms. Then, add a chlorine atom to the 5th carbon and a methyl group to the 4th carbon.

Step 3: Check the numbering of the carbon chain to ensure the substituents are on the lowest possible numbers. If the numbering can be improved, adjust the structure accordingly. The correct name should reflect the lowest numbering for substituents.

Step 4: Analyze the name '2-dimethylbutane'. The name suggests a butane backbone, which means the longest carbon chain should have 4 carbons. The term 'dimethyl' indicates two methyl groups attached to the second carbon.

Step 5: Draw the structure based on the name '2-dimethylbutane'. Start by drawing a straight chain of 4 carbon atoms. Then, add two methyl groups to the second carbon. Verify the numbering and adjust if necessary to ensure the correct IUPAC name reflects the lowest numbering for substituents.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a standardized system for naming chemical compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and naming substituents as prefixes. Correct application of these rules ensures clarity and consistency in chemical communication.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. Understanding isomerism is crucial for correctly naming compounds, as different structures can lead to different names and properties. Identifying isomers involves analyzing the connectivity of atoms within the molecule.

Substituent Positioning

Substituent positioning refers to the location of groups attached to the main carbon chain in a molecule. Correctly identifying and numbering these positions is essential for accurate naming. The goal is to assign the lowest possible numbers to substituents, following the IUPAC rules, to ensure the name reflects the true structure.