Intro to Organic Chemistry: Videos & Practice Problems

Organic chemistry is fundamentally the chemistry of life, focusing on the study of molecules that are primarily created and utilized by biological systems. This branch of chemistry is crucial because it directly relates to our daily experiences and the substances we encounter. For instance, common products like hairspray contain various organic molecules, which, although they may seem unfamiliar now, will become clearer as you progress through the course. Understanding these molecules involves learning how to interpret their structures and the elements they comprise.

While you may have previously studied concepts in general chemistry such as the periodic table, stoichiometry, and electrochemistry, only a few of these ideas will carry over into organic chemistry, particularly periodic trends. The focus will shift towards understanding how organic compounds interact within biological systems, which also leads into the realm of biochemistry. Although biochemistry will not be the primary focus of this course, it is important to recognize that it builds upon the principles of organic chemistry.

Moreover, organic chemistry encompasses both beneficial and harmful applications. For example, while many organic compounds are essential for life, some can be destructive, such as nerve gases that involve organic molecules like acetylcholine and acetic acid. This duality highlights the significance of organic chemistry in both health and safety contexts.

As you embark on this journey into organic chemistry, keep in mind its relevance not only in academic settings but also in everyday life, as it provides a deeper understanding of the chemical processes that underpin biological functions and interactions.

Organic molecules are primarily defined as compounds that contain carbon, and they often include hydrogen as well. The chemistry of life on Earth is fundamentally based on carbon, which is essential for forming the complex structures necessary for biological functions. While definitions of organic molecules have evolved over time, the consensus remains that organic compounds typically consist of carbon and hydrogen. When an organic molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen, it is specifically referred to as a hydrocarbon. This classification highlights the foundational role of carbon in organic chemistry and its significance in the study of life sciences.

In the study of organic chemistry, understanding the classification of molecules is essential. Organic molecules are primarily characterized by the presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms. For instance, methane (CH₄) is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, and is known for its distinct odor, often associated with natural gas.

However, not all organic molecules are hydrocarbons. Take acetone (C₃H₆O), for example. While it contains carbon and hydrogen, it also includes an oxygen atom, which disqualifies it from being classified as a hydrocarbon. Acetone is commonly used as a solvent, particularly in nail polish removers, and is recognized for its strong smell.

On the other hand, carbon dioxide (CO₂) serves as an example of an inorganic carbon compound. Although it contains carbon, it lacks hydrogen atoms, which is a key criterion for organic classification. Carbon dioxide is well-known as a greenhouse gas, contributing to environmental discussions regarding climate change.

In summary, the distinction between organic and inorganic molecules hinges on the presence of hydrogen alongside carbon. Organic molecules typically contain both elements, while inorganic carbon compounds, like carbon dioxide, do not include hydrogen. This foundational knowledge is crucial as you delve deeper into the fascinating world of chemistry.