Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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1:18 minutes

Problem 41e,f

Textbook Question

The following names are all incorrect or incomplete, but they represent real structures. Draw each structure and name it correctly.
e. 2-cyclohexylbutane
f. 2,3-diethylcyclopentane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the naming conventions for cycloalkanes. Cycloalkanes are named by identifying the ring size and then adding substituents as prefixes with their position numbers.

Step 2: For 2-cyclohexylbutane, recognize that the name suggests a cyclohexyl group attached to a butane chain. However, the name is incomplete because it does not specify the position of the cyclohexyl group on the butane chain.

Step 3: Draw the structure for 2-cyclohexylbutane. Start with a butane chain (CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃) and attach a cyclohexyl group (a six-membered ring) to the second carbon of the butane chain.

Step 4: Correct the name for 2-cyclohexylbutane. The correct name should reflect the position of the cyclohexyl group on the butane chain, ensuring the longest carbon chain is identified and numbered correctly.

Step 5: For 2,3-diethylcyclopentane, recognize that the name suggests two ethyl groups attached to a cyclopentane ring. However, the name is incorrect because it does not follow the proper numbering system for substituents on a cycloalkane ring. Draw the structure with ethyl groups on the second and third carbons of the cyclopentane ring, then rename it using the lowest possible numbers for substituents.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a standardized way to name chemical compounds, ensuring that each name is unique and descriptive of the compound's structure. Understanding IUPAC rules is essential for correctly naming and interpreting the names of organic molecules.

Cycloalkane Structure

Cycloalkanes are types of hydrocarbons that contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure, with the general formula CnH2n. They are saturated, meaning they have single bonds only. Recognizing the structure of cycloalkanes is crucial for understanding how substituents are attached and how to correctly name compounds with cyclic components.

Substituent Positioning

In organic chemistry, the position of substituents on a carbon chain or ring is indicated by numbers, which are assigned based on the lowest possible locants rule. This ensures clarity in the structure's description. Correctly identifying and numbering substituents is vital for accurate naming and understanding of molecular structures, especially in complex molecules.