Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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4:59 minutes

Problem 4d,e,f

Textbook Question

Provide IUPAC names for the following compounds.
(d)
(e)
(f)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in each compound. This chain will determine the base name of the compound according to the number of carbon atoms it contains.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first point of difference, which could be a substituent or a functional group.

Step 3: Identify and name any substituents attached to the main carbon chain. Substituents are groups that branch off from the main chain, such as alkyl groups or halogens.

Step 4: Assign a locant (position number) to each substituent based on its position on the main chain. Ensure that the locants are as low as possible.

Step 5: Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the compound, using the locants to indicate their positions. Follow IUPAC naming conventions, which include using hyphens to separate numbers from words and commas to separate multiple numbers.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a standardized way to name compounds based on their structure, ensuring that each compound has a unique and universally accepted name. This involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering it to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and naming substituents and functional groups according to specific rules.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In IUPAC naming, functional groups are often indicated by specific suffixes or prefixes in the compound's name. Recognizing and correctly identifying functional groups such as alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and amines is crucial for determining the correct IUPAC name of a compound.

Substituents and Branching

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon. In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of substituents and branching in the carbon chain affects the naming process. Each substituent is named and numbered according to its position on the main carbon chain, and the names are listed in alphabetical order when multiple substituents are present. Understanding how to identify and name these substituents is essential for accurate compound naming.

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Textbook Question

The following names are all incorrect or incomplete, but they represent real structures. Draw each structure and name it correctly.

c. 5-chloro-4-methylhexane

d. 2-dimethylbutane

Textbook Question

All of the following names are incorrect or incomplete. In each case, draw the structure (or a possible structure) and name it correctly.

d. 4-isobutylheptane

e. 2-bromo-3-ethylbutane

f. 2,3-diethyl-5-isopropylheptane

Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the following compounds.

c. 3,3-diethyl-4-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)octane

Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the following compounds.

b. 5-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)nonane

Textbook Question

A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.

h. 5-ethyl-2-methylhexane

Textbook Question

A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.

g. 3,3-dichlorooctane

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each of the following:

l. 5-isopropyldecane

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each of the following:

k. 3,4-dimethyloctane

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