Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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4:38 minutes

Problem 3a

Textbook Question

For each of the following compounds,
1. give the IUPAC name.
2. give the common name (if possible).
3. classify the compound as a methyl, primary, secondary, or tertiary halide.
(a) (CH₃)₂CHCH₂Cl

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the structure of the compound (CH3)2CHCH2Cl. Break it down into its components: the main chain, substituents, and the halogen group. The structure consists of a chlorine atom attached to a four-carbon chain, with two methyl groups attached to the second carbon.

Step 2: Determine the IUPAC name. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain, which is four carbons long (butane). Number the chain so that the substituents and the halogen get the lowest possible numbers. The chlorine atom is attached to the first carbon, and there are two methyl groups on the second carbon. Combine these to form the IUPAC name.

Step 3: Determine the common name (if possible). For alkyl halides, the common name is derived by naming the alkyl group (based on the carbon chain excluding the halogen) followed by the halide. In this case, the alkyl group is isobutyl, and the halogen is chlorine.

Step 4: Classify the compound as a methyl, primary, secondary, or tertiary halide. Look at the carbon atom directly bonded to the halogen (chlorine). This carbon is attached to only one other carbon atom, making it a primary halide.

Step 5: Summarize the findings: The IUPAC name is determined based on the systematic naming rules, the common name is derived from the alkyl group and halogen, and the classification is based on the degree of substitution of the carbon bonded to the halogen.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to derive names based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of organic compounds.

Common Names

Common names are informal names used to identify chemical compounds, often based on historical or traditional usage rather than systematic rules. While IUPAC names are standardized, common names can vary by region and may not always reflect the compound's structure. Familiarity with common names can aid in recognizing widely used compounds in organic chemistry.

Classification of Halides

Halides are classified based on the carbon atom to which the halogen is attached. Methyl halides have the halogen on a carbon with three hydrogens, primary halides on a carbon with two hydrogens, secondary halides on a carbon with one hydrogen, and tertiary halides on a carbon with no hydrogens. This classification is important for predicting reactivity and understanding the compound's behavior in chemical reactions.

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