Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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4:34 minutes

Problem 2e,f

Textbook Question

Give the structures of the following compounds.
e. 2-bromo-3-ethyl-2-methylhexane
f. isobutyl bromide

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: For compound (e) 2-bromo-3-ethyl-2-methylhexane, start by identifying the parent chain. The parent chain is 'hexane,' which means it contains six carbon atoms in a straight chain.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain from 1 to 6, ensuring that the substituents (bromo, ethyl, and methyl) are assigned the lowest possible numbers. The bromine atom is attached to carbon 2, and the ethyl and methyl groups are also attached to carbon 2 and carbon 3, respectively.

Step 3: Draw the parent chain of six carbons and add the substituents. Place a bromine atom on carbon 2, an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃) on carbon 3, and a methyl group (-CH₃) on carbon 2.

Step 4: For compound (f) isobutyl bromide, recognize that 'isobutyl' refers to a four-carbon group with a branching pattern. The structure of isobutyl is CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-. Attach a bromine atom to the terminal carbon of the isobutyl group.

Step 5: Draw the structure of isobutyl bromide by combining the isobutyl group with the bromine atom. Ensure that the bromine is bonded to the terminal carbon of the isobutyl group, resulting in the correct structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to create unique names based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately interpreting and constructing the names of compounds like 2-bromo-3-ethyl-2-methylhexane.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. This concept is crucial for understanding how different structural forms, such as isobutyl bromide, can exist. Recognizing the variations in connectivity helps in visualizing and drawing the correct structures of organic compounds.

Substituents and Functional Groups

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain, while functional groups are specific groups of atoms that impart characteristic properties to the molecules. In the case of 2-bromo-3-ethyl-2-methylhexane, recognizing the roles of bromine and ethyl/methyl groups is essential for constructing the correct structure and understanding the compound's reactivity.