Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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1:54 minutes

Problem 7c

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
c. sec-butyl iodide

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the term 'sec-butyl'. The prefix 'sec-' refers to a secondary carbon, meaning the functional group is attached to a carbon that is bonded to two other carbons. 'Butyl' indicates a four-carbon chain.

Step 2: Begin by drawing the backbone of the molecule. Create a four-carbon chain (butane) and identify the secondary carbon. This is the second carbon in the chain, which is bonded to two other carbons.

Step 3: Attach the iodine atom (I) to the secondary carbon. This makes it 'sec-butyl iodide', as the iodine is bonded to the secondary carbon in the butyl group.

Step 4: Add hydrogens to the remaining open bonds of the carbon atoms to satisfy the valency of carbon (which is 4). Ensure each carbon has the correct number of bonds.

Step 5: Verify the structure. Confirm that the molecule has a total of four carbons, one iodine atom attached to the secondary carbon, and the correct number of hydrogens to complete the structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkyl Halides

Alkyl halides are organic compounds containing a carbon atom bonded to a halogen atom (such as iodine, bromine, or chlorine). They are classified based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the halogen. Understanding the structure and reactivity of alkyl halides is crucial for drawing their chemical structures and predicting their behavior in reactions.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. In the case of sec-butyl iodide, recognizing that it is a structural isomer of other butyl halides helps in understanding its unique properties and reactivity. This concept is essential for accurately representing the compound's structure.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain and the position of substituents. For sec-butyl iodide, knowing how to apply these rules allows for the correct identification and drawing of its structure, which is vital for communication in organic chemistry.