Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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2:57 minutes

Problem 2a,b

Textbook Question

Give the structures of the following compounds.
a. methylene iodide
b. carbon tetrabromide

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the naming conventions in organic chemistry. The names provided follow the IUPAC nomenclature system, which gives clues about the structure of the compounds based on prefixes, root names, and suffixes.

Step 2: For 'methylene iodide': The prefix 'methylene' refers to a single carbon atom bonded to two hydrogens (CH₂ group). The suffix 'iodide' indicates that two iodine (I) atoms are attached to this carbon. The structure can be represented as CH₂I₂.

Step 3: For 'carbon tetrabromide': The root 'carbon' indicates a single carbon atom. The prefix 'tetra-' means four, and 'bromide' specifies that four bromine (Br) atoms are attached to the carbon. The structure can be represented as CBr₄.

Step 4: Verify the valency of carbon in both structures. Carbon forms four bonds in total, which is satisfied in both CH₂I₂ (two hydrogens and two iodines) and CBr₄ (four bromines).

Step 5: Draw the structures for clarity. For CH₂I₂, the carbon is at the center with two hydrogens and two iodines attached. For CBr₄, the carbon is at the center with four bromines symmetrically attached.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It includes the types of atoms, the bonds between them, and their spatial orientation. Understanding molecular structure is crucial for predicting the physical and chemical properties of compounds, such as reactivity and polarity.

Halogenated Compounds

Halogenated compounds are organic molecules that contain one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) bonded to carbon. These compounds often exhibit unique reactivity patterns due to the electronegativity of halogens, which can influence the stability and reactivity of the molecule. Recognizing the halogen's role is essential for understanding the properties of methylene iodide and carbon tetrabromide.

Bonding and Hybridization

Bonding and hybridization describe how atomic orbitals combine to form bonds in molecules. In organic chemistry, understanding sp3, sp2, and sp hybridization is vital for predicting molecular geometry and bond angles. For example, methylene iodide (CH2I2) features sp3 hybridization, while carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) also exhibits sp3 hybridization, leading to tetrahedral geometries.