Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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5:44 minutes

Problem 4b

Textbook Question

Use oxidation numbers to determine whether the following are redox reactions.
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the elements involved in the reaction and write down the chemical equation if provided.

Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the reactants and products. Remember that oxidation numbers are a way of keeping track of electrons in atoms. For example, in a compound, the oxidation number of oxygen is typically -2, and hydrogen is +1.

Compare the oxidation numbers of each element in the reactants and products. Look for any changes in oxidation numbers, which indicate a transfer of electrons.

Determine if there is an increase in oxidation number for any element, which signifies oxidation, and a decrease in oxidation number for another element, which signifies reduction.

Conclude whether the reaction is a redox reaction based on the changes in oxidation numbers. If there is both oxidation and reduction occurring, it is a redox reaction.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation numbers are assigned to atoms in a molecule to indicate their degree of oxidation or reduction. They help track electron transfer in redox reactions. The rules for assigning oxidation numbers include assigning a value of zero to pure elements, using known oxidation states for common ions, and ensuring the sum of oxidation numbers equals the charge of the molecule or ion.

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions, or oxidation-reduction reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between two species. One species undergoes oxidation (loses electrons) while the other undergoes reduction (gains electrons). Identifying changes in oxidation numbers helps determine if a reaction is a redox process, as these changes indicate electron transfer.

Identifying Redox Reactions

To identify redox reactions using oxidation numbers, compare the oxidation numbers of each element in the reactants and products. A change in oxidation number for any element indicates a redox reaction. The element whose oxidation number increases is oxidized, and the one whose oxidation number decreases is reduced.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Classify each reaction as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither.

(g)

(h)

(i)

Textbook Question

Classify each reaction as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Textbook Question

The intermediates for the oxidation of isopropanol to acetone are shown. Calculate oxidation numbers for the indicated atoms, then use them to determine in which step oxidation occurs.

(e)

Textbook Question

Use oxidation numbers to determine whether the following are redox reactions.

(a)

Textbook Question

Draw the products of the following reactions. Indicate whether each reaction is an oxidation or a reduction.

Textbook Question

Draw the products of the following reactions. Indicate whether each reaction is an oxidation or a reduction.

Textbook Question

Draw the products of the following reactions. Indicate whether each reaction is an oxidation or a reduction.

Textbook Question

Give the oxidation state of the palladium in each of the following forms.

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Use oxidation numbers to determine whether the following are redox reactions. (b)

Key Concepts

Oxidation Numbers

Redox Reactions

Identifying Redox Reactions

Watch next

Use oxidation numbers to determine whether the following are redox reactions.
(b)