Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Organic Chemistry

13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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2:53 minutes

Problem 58d

Textbook Question

Draw the products of the following reactions. Indicate whether each reaction is an oxidation or a reduction.
d.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional group in the reactant. The given compound contains an aldehyde group (-CHO) attached to a cyclohexane ring.

Step 2: Recognize the reagents used in the reaction. The reaction involves hydrogen gas (H₂) and Raney nickel, which is a catalyst commonly used for hydrogenation reactions.

Step 3: Understand the reaction mechanism. Hydrogenation typically reduces the aldehyde group to a primary alcohol by adding hydrogen atoms to the carbonyl group.

Step 4: Determine the type of reaction. Since the aldehyde is being reduced to an alcohol, this reaction is classified as a reduction reaction.

Step 5: Draw the product. Replace the aldehyde group (-CHO) with a primary alcohol group (-CH₂OH) while keeping the cyclohexane ring intact.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reduction Reaction

A reduction reaction involves the gain of electrons or hydrogen by a molecule, resulting in a decrease in oxidation state. In organic chemistry, this often refers to the conversion of carbonyl groups (C=O) to alcohols (C-OH) through the addition of hydrogen. The reaction shown in the question is a classic example of reduction, where a carbonyl compound is transformed into an alcohol.

Catalysts in Organic Reactions

Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. In the context of the given reaction, Raney nickel (Raney Ni) serves as a catalyst for hydrogenation, facilitating the addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl compound. Understanding the role of catalysts is crucial for predicting reaction pathways and product formation in organic chemistry.

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between two species, where one is oxidized (loses electrons) and the other is reduced (gains electrons). Identifying whether a reaction is an oxidation or reduction is essential for understanding the changes in oxidation states of the reactants. In the provided reaction, the carbonyl compound is reduced, indicating a gain of hydrogen and a decrease in oxidation state.

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