Textbook Question
Draw the products of the following reactions. Indicate whether each reaction is an oxidation or a reduction.
f.
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds
Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
0:53 minutesProblem 4d
Textbook Question
Give the oxidation state of the palladium in each of the following forms.
(d) H₃C―Pd―Br
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the oxidation state of each ligand attached to the palladium. In this case, we have a methyl group (H₃C) and a bromine atom (Br).
Recognize that the methyl group (H₃C) is a neutral ligand, contributing 0 to the oxidation state of palladium.
Understand that the bromine atom (Br) is typically considered as a -1 anion in terms of oxidation state.
Set up the equation for the oxidation state of palladium (Pd). Let x be the oxidation state of Pd. The equation will be: x + 0 (from H₃C) - 1 (from Br) = 0.
Solve the equation for x to find the oxidation state of palladium. This will give you the oxidation state of Pd in the compound H₃C―Pd―Br.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Oxidation State
The oxidation state is a number assigned to an element in a compound that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound. It helps in understanding the electron distribution in chemical reactions and bonding. For transition metals like palladium, determining the oxidation state involves considering the charges of surrounding atoms or groups.
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Palladium Chemistry
Palladium is a transition metal known for its ability to form various oxidation states, typically ranging from 0 to +4. In organic chemistry, palladium often participates in catalytic cycles, where its oxidation state changes to facilitate reactions. Understanding palladium's common oxidation states and its bonding with ligands is crucial for predicting its behavior in compounds.
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Ligand Influence on Oxidation State
Ligands are atoms or molecules that bind to a central metal atom, influencing its oxidation state. In the compound H₃C―Pd―Br, both the methyl group (CH₃) and bromine (Br) act as ligands. The nature and charge of these ligands affect the electron count around palladium, thus determining its oxidation state. Typically, neutral ligands like CH₃ do not alter the oxidation state, while charged ligands like Br can contribute to it.
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