Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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2:05 minutes

Problem 10c

Textbook Question

Draw a structure for each of the following:
c. o-nitroaniline

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent structure: The parent compound is aniline, which has the structure of a benzene ring with an amino group (-NH₂) attached to it.

Understand the substituents: The compound has two substituents, a nitro group (-NO₂) and an amino group (-NH₂). The prefix 'o-' (ortho) indicates that these two groups are adjacent to each other on the benzene ring.

Assign positions on the benzene ring: Place the amino group (-NH₂) at position 1 (arbitrarily chosen as the reference point). Then, place the nitro group (-NO₂) at position 2, which is adjacent to the amino group.

Draw the structure: Start with a benzene ring. Attach the -NH₂ group to one carbon atom and the -NO₂ group to the adjacent carbon atom, ensuring they are in the ortho position relative to each other.

Double-check the structure: Verify that the substituents are correctly placed and that the structure adheres to the IUPAC naming conventions for o-nitroaniline.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are a class of cyclic compounds that follow Huckel's rule, which states that they must have a planar structure with a specific number of pi electrons (4n + 2). These compounds exhibit unique stability due to resonance, allowing for delocalization of electrons. Understanding the structure of aromatic compounds is essential for drawing derivatives like o-nitroaniline.

Substitution Reactions

Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one functional group in a molecule with another. In the case of o-nitroaniline, the nitro group (-NO2) is substituted onto the aromatic ring of aniline (C6H5NH2) at the ortho position. Recognizing the mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution is crucial for accurately depicting the structure.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In o-nitroaniline, the amino group (-NH2) and the nitro group (-NO2) are key functional groups that influence the compound's reactivity and properties. Identifying these groups is vital for understanding the compound's behavior in chemical reactions.

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