Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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2:01 minutes

Problem 45b

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
b. p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Start with the benzene ring as the base structure. Benzene is a six-membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds.

Step 2: Identify the substituents. The problem specifies 'p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid,' which means there are two substituents: a nitro group (-NO₂) and a sulfonic acid group (-SO₃H).

Step 3: Place the substituents in the para (p-) position. In the para configuration, the substituents are located opposite each other on the benzene ring (i.e., at positions 1 and 4).

Step 4: Attach the nitro group (-NO₂) to one carbon of the benzene ring. This group consists of a nitrogen atom double-bonded to one oxygen atom and single-bonded to another oxygen atom (which carries a negative charge, balanced by a positive charge on the nitrogen).

Step 5: Attach the sulfonic acid group (-SO₃H) to the carbon directly opposite the nitro group. This group consists of a sulfur atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Ensure the structure reflects the para arrangement of the substituents.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are a class of cyclic compounds that follow Huckel's rule, possessing a planar structure and delocalized pi electrons. They exhibit unique stability due to resonance, which is crucial for understanding the reactivity and properties of compounds like p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Recognizing the aromatic nature of the benzene ring is essential for drawing its structure accurately.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, the sulfonic acid (-SO3H) and nitro (-NO2) groups are key functional groups that influence the compound's acidity and reactivity. Understanding these groups is vital for constructing the correct molecular structure.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds based on their structure and functional groups. The name p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid indicates the presence of a nitro group at the para position relative to the sulfonic acid group on a benzene ring. Familiarity with IUPAC naming conventions helps in accurately interpreting and drawing the structures of organic molecules.

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