Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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4:14 minutes

Problem 12b

Textbook Question

Correct the following incorrect names:
b. 3-hydroxynitrobenzene

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the structure of the compound based on the given name. If the name is incorrect, determine the possible structural features that the name implies.

Analyze the parent chain in the compound. The parent chain should be the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, and it should include the highest-priority functional group if present.

Check the numbering of the parent chain. The chain should be numbered in such a way that the substituents and functional groups receive the lowest possible locants (numbers).

Verify the substituents and their positions. Ensure that the substituents are named correctly and listed in alphabetical order in the name.

Combine the corrected parent chain name, substituent names, and locants into the proper IUPAC name for the compound, ensuring all rules of nomenclature are followed.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for correctly identifying and naming compounds, which is crucial for effective communication in chemistry.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2) groups. Recognizing functional groups is vital for understanding the properties and reactivity of organic compounds, as they dictate how a compound behaves in chemical reactions.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures or arrangements of atoms. This can lead to different physical and chemical properties. Understanding isomerism is important for correctly naming compounds, as structural isomers and stereoisomers can have distinct names and implications in organic chemistry.

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