Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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7:19 minutes

Problem 1d,e,f

Textbook Question

Classify each compound as an alkyl halide, a vinyl halide, or an aryl halide.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the definitions of the three classifications: An alkyl halide is a compound where a halogen atom (e.g., Br, Cl, I, F) is bonded to an sp³-hybridized carbon atom. A vinyl halide is a compound where a halogen atom is bonded to an sp²-hybridized carbon atom in a double bond. An aryl halide is a compound where a halogen atom is bonded directly to an aromatic ring.

Step 2: Analyze bromocyclohexane. In this compound, the bromine atom is attached to a carbon atom in a cyclohexane ring. Since the carbon is sp³-hybridized, bromocyclohexane is classified as an alkyl halide.

Step 3: Analyze 1-bromocyclohexene. In this compound, the bromine atom is attached to a carbon atom that is part of a double bond in a cyclohexene ring. Since the carbon is sp²-hybridized, 1-bromocyclohexene is classified as a vinyl halide.

Step 4: Analyze a PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl). PCBs consist of two benzene rings connected by a single bond, with multiple chlorine atoms attached to the rings. Since the chlorine atoms are bonded directly to aromatic rings, PCBs are classified as aryl halides.

Step 5: Summarize the classifications: Bromocyclohexane is an alkyl halide, 1-bromocyclohexene is a vinyl halide, and a PCB is an aryl halide. This classification is based on the hybridization of the carbon atom to which the halogen is attached and the structural context of the compound.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkyl Halides

Alkyl halides are organic compounds where a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine) is bonded to an alkyl group, which is a saturated hydrocarbon chain. They are characterized by the general formula R-X, where R represents the alkyl group and X is the halogen. Common examples include bromoethane and chloropropane.

Vinyl Halides

Vinyl halides are a specific type of halogenated compound where the halogen is attached to a carbon-carbon double bond (alkene). They have the general structure R-CH=CH-X, where R is a hydrogen or alkyl group, and X is the halogen. An example is 1-bromopropene, which features a vinyl group.

Aryl Halides

Aryl halides are compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an aromatic ring, such as benzene. The general structure can be represented as Ar-X, where Ar is the aryl group and X is the halogen. Examples include bromobenzene and chlorotoluene, which exhibit unique reactivity due to the stability of the aromatic system.

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