Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Esters

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Esters

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Problem 3g

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
g. ethyl 2-chloropentanoate

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent chain: The parent chain is 'pentanoate,' which indicates a five-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid derivative (an ester in this case).

Determine the ester group: The 'ethyl' group is attached to the oxygen atom of the ester functional group. This means the structure will have an ethoxy group (-OCH₂CH₃) attached to the carbonyl carbon.

Locate the substituent: The '2-chloro' indicates that a chlorine atom is attached to the second carbon of the pentanoate chain, counting from the carbonyl carbon as position 1.

Assemble the structure: Start with the pentanoate backbone, attach the ethoxy group to the carbonyl carbon, and place the chlorine atom on the second carbon of the chain.

Double-check the structure: Ensure that all carbons have the correct number of bonds (four for each carbon), and verify that the substituents are placed correctly according to the IUPAC name.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Ester Functional Group

Ester functional groups are characterized by the presence of a carbonyl (C=O) adjacent to an ether (C-O-C) group. They are formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, resulting in a compound that typically has pleasant odors and is commonly found in natural and synthetic flavors and fragrances.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately interpreting and constructing chemical names.

Chirality and Stereochemistry

Chirality refers to the geometric property of a molecule having non-superimposable mirror images, often due to the presence of a chiral center, typically a carbon atom bonded to four different substituents. Stereochemistry is the study of these spatial arrangements, which can significantly affect the properties and reactivity of organic compounds.

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