Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Esters

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Esters

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4:42 minutes

Problem 2b

Textbook Question

Give an example for each of the following:
b. a β-diester

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the term 'b-diester'. A b-diester refers to a compound containing two ester functional groups (-COOR) that are separated by a single carbon atom. This is also known as a 1,3-diesters system.

Step 2: Recall the general structure of an ester group. An ester has the general formula R-COOR', where R and R' can be alkyl or aryl groups.

Step 3: Construct the general structure of a b-diester. The two ester groups should be attached to a central carbon atom, with one carbon atom separating them. The general formula can be written as R-CO-CH2-COOR'.

Step 4: Choose specific alkyl or aryl groups for R and R' to create an example. For instance, you could use methyl groups (CH3) for both R and R', resulting in the compound dimethyl malonate (CH3OCO-CH2-COOCH3).

Step 5: Verify the structure to ensure it meets the criteria of a b-diester. Check that there are two ester groups and that they are separated by a single carbon atom.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

b-Diester

A b-diester is a type of organic compound that contains two ester functional groups (-COOR) located on adjacent carbon atoms in a carbon chain. This structure is significant in organic synthesis and can be derived from the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid with an alcohol. The presence of two ester groups allows for unique reactivity and the formation of various derivatives, making b-diesters important in the synthesis of larger molecules.

Esterification Reaction

Esterification is a chemical reaction that forms an ester from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, typically in the presence of an acid catalyst. This reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the alcohol's hydroxyl group on the carbonyl carbon of the acid, leading to the elimination of water. Understanding this reaction is crucial for synthesizing b-diesters, as it provides the foundational mechanism for their formation.

Dicarboxylic Acids

Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. They play a vital role in organic chemistry, particularly in the synthesis of b-diesters, as they provide the necessary functional groups for esterification. Common examples include oxalic acid and succinic acid, which can react with alcohols to form b-diesters, showcasing the versatility of these compounds in organic synthesis.

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