Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Carboxylic Acids

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Carboxylic Acids

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1:47 minutes

Problem 2a,b,c

Textbook Question

Draw the structures of the following compounds:
(a) tert-butylamine
(b) α-aminopropionaldehyde
(c) 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of tert-butylamine. The 'tert-butyl' group is a branched alkyl group with the formula (CH₃)₃C-. Attach an amine group (-NH₂) to the central carbon of the tert-butyl group. The resulting structure is (CH₃)₃C-NH₂.

Step 2: Analyze the structure of α-aminopropionaldehyde. The term 'α-amino' indicates that an amine group (-NH₂) is attached to the carbon adjacent to the aldehyde group (-CHO). Start with propionaldehyde (CH₃-CH₂-CHO), and add an amine group to the α-carbon (the carbon next to the aldehyde group).

Step 3: Break down the name 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. Pyridine is a six-membered aromatic ring containing one nitrogen atom. The '4-' indicates that the substituent is attached to the fourth carbon relative to the nitrogen. The 'dimethylamino' group is -N(CH₃)₂, which is a nitrogen atom bonded to two methyl groups. Attach this group to the fourth carbon of the pyridine ring.

Step 4: Draw the structures for each compound based on the descriptions above. For tert-butylamine, draw a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups and one amine group. For α-aminopropionaldehyde, draw a three-carbon chain with an aldehyde group at one end and an amine group on the α-carbon. For 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, draw a pyridine ring with a dimethylamino group attached to the fourth carbon.

Step 5: Verify the structures by checking that all valencies are satisfied and that the functional groups are correctly placed as per the IUPAC names provided in the problem.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, recognizing functional groups such as amines, aldehydes, and others is crucial for understanding the properties and reactivity of compounds. For example, tert-butylamine contains an amine group, which influences its basicity and solubility.

Structural Representation

Structural representation refers to the way in which the arrangement of atoms in a molecule is depicted. This can include Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal structures. Accurately drawing these structures is essential for visualizing molecular geometry and understanding how different atoms are connected, which is vital for compounds like a-aminopropionaldehyde and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine.

Isomerism

Isomerism is the phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula can have different structures or arrangements of atoms. This concept is important when drawing organic compounds, as different isomers can exhibit distinct physical and chemical properties. For instance, the presence of different substituents in 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine can lead to various isomeric forms, affecting their reactivity and interactions.

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