Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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7:15 minutes

Problem 19b

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed and a skeletal structure for each of the following:
b. 2,2,5-trimethylhexane

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent chain: The name '2,2,5-trimethylhexane' indicates that the parent chain is 'hexane,' which consists of six carbon atoms in a straight chain.

Locate the substituents: The '2,2,5-trimethyl' prefix indicates that there are three methyl groups (-CH₃) attached to the parent chain. Two of these methyl groups are attached to carbon 2, and one is attached to carbon 5.

Draw the condensed structure: Start with the six-carbon chain (hexane) and add the substituents. For carbon 2, attach two methyl groups, and for carbon 5, attach one methyl group. Write the structure in a condensed form, such as CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₃.

Draw the skeletal structure: Represent the hexane chain as a zigzag line with six vertices (each vertex representing a carbon atom). Add branches for the methyl groups at the appropriate positions (two branches at the second vertex and one branch at the fifth vertex).

Double-check the structure: Verify that the total number of carbons and hydrogens matches the molecular formula of 2,2,5-trimethylhexane (C₉H₂₀) and that the substituents are placed correctly according to the IUPAC name.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structure

A condensed structure is a simplified representation of a molecule that shows the arrangement of atoms and their connectivity without depicting all the bonds explicitly. In this format, groups of atoms are often grouped together, and hydrogen atoms attached to carbons are usually omitted for clarity. This representation helps in visualizing the molecular formula and understanding the overall structure quickly.

Skeletal Structure

A skeletal structure, also known as a line-angle structure, is a way of drawing organic molecules that emphasizes the carbon backbone. In this representation, carbon atoms are represented by the ends and intersections of lines, while hydrogen atoms are implied and not shown explicitly. This method simplifies complex molecules, making it easier to visualize their geometry and functional groups.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds based on their structure. It provides rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, substituents, and their positions, which is essential for understanding the name '2,2,5-trimethylhexane.' This knowledge is crucial for accurately drawing the corresponding structures and ensuring clarity in communication among chemists.

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