Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

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4:56 minutes

Problem 36c,d

Textbook Question

Draw the structure that corresponds with each name.
c. sec-butylcycloheptane
d. 2,3-dimethyl-4-propylnonane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the naming conventions in IUPAC nomenclature. 'sec-butylcycloheptane' indicates a cycloheptane ring with a sec-butyl group attached. '2,3-dimethyl-4-propylnonane' indicates a nonane chain with methyl groups on carbons 2 and 3, and a propyl group on carbon 4.

Step 2: For 'sec-butylcycloheptane', start by drawing a cycloheptane ring, which is a seven-membered carbon ring. Then, identify the 'sec-butyl' group, which is a four-carbon group where the second carbon is attached to the main structure. Attach this group to one of the carbons in the cycloheptane ring.

Step 3: For '2,3-dimethyl-4-propylnonane', begin by drawing a straight chain of nine carbon atoms, representing nonane. Number the carbon atoms from 1 to 9 to keep track of substituent positions.

Step 4: Add the substituents to the nonane chain. Place a methyl group (CH₃) on the second and third carbon atoms. Then, add a propyl group (CH₂CH₂CH₃) to the fourth carbon atom.

Step 5: Ensure that all valencies are satisfied by adding hydrogen atoms where necessary. Each carbon should have four bonds, so adjust the number of hydrogen atoms accordingly to complete the structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a standardized system for naming chemical compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and naming substituents as prefixes. Understanding this system is crucial for interpreting and drawing structures from chemical names.

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure. The prefix 'cyclo-' indicates the presence of a ring, and the suffix denotes the number of carbon atoms in the ring. Recognizing cycloalkane structures is essential for drawing compounds like sec-butylcycloheptane, which includes a cycloheptane ring.

Substituents and Branching

Substituents are groups attached to the main carbon chain or ring, affecting the compound's name and structure. Terms like 'sec-butyl' and 'dimethyl' indicate specific branching patterns and positions. Understanding how to identify and position these substituents is key to accurately drawing complex structures like 2,3-dimethyl-4-propylnonane.