Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

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1:05 minutes

Problem 36i,j

Textbook Question

Draw the structure that corresponds with each name.
i. tert-butylcyclohexane
j. pentylcyclohexane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the naming conventions. 'tert-butyl' and 'pentyl' are alkyl groups, while 'cyclohexane' is a cyclic alkane with six carbon atoms forming a ring.

Step 2: For 'tert-butylcyclohexane', start by drawing the cyclohexane ring, which is a hexagon representing six carbon atoms connected in a cycle.

Step 3: Identify the 'tert-butyl' group, which is a branched alkyl group with the formula (C(CH3)3). Attach this group to one of the carbon atoms in the cyclohexane ring.

Step 4: For 'pentylcyclohexane', again draw the cyclohexane ring. The 'pentyl' group is a straight-chain alkyl group with five carbon atoms (CH3(CH2)4). Attach this group to one of the carbon atoms in the cyclohexane ring.

Step 5: Ensure that all valencies are satisfied. Each carbon atom should form four bonds, so add hydrogen atoms where necessary to complete the structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a standardized system for naming chemical compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and naming substituents as prefixes. Understanding this system is crucial for interpreting and drawing chemical structures from names.

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure. Cyclohexane, a common cycloalkane, consists of six carbon atoms forming a hexagonal ring. Recognizing cycloalkane structures is essential for drawing compounds like tert-butylcyclohexane and pentylcyclohexane.

Substituents and Alkyl Groups

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms attached to the main carbon chain or ring in a molecule. Alkyl groups, such as tert-butyl and pentyl, are common substituents derived from alkanes by removing a hydrogen atom. Understanding how these groups attach to cyclohexane is key to drawing the correct structures.