Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

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5:33 minutes

Problem 13a,b

Textbook Question

Give each substituent on the ten-carbon chain a common name and a parenthetical name
a.
b.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule, which will serve as the parent hydrocarbon. In this case, it is a ten-carbon chain, making it a decane.

Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent. This will help in assigning the lowest possible numbers to the substituents.

Identify and name each substituent group attached to the main carbon chain. Common substituents include methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. Use common names for these groups.

Assign a locant (number) to each substituent based on its position on the carbon chain. This is done by the number assigned to the carbon atom to which the substituent is attached.

Combine the locants and names of the substituents with the name of the parent hydrocarbon. Use parentheses to indicate the position of each substituent in the IUPAC name, and list substituents in alphabetical order if there are multiple different groups.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of organic compounds based on established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines for naming compounds, which include identifying the longest carbon chain, naming substituents, and indicating their positions on the chain. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately naming organic molecules.

Substituents in Organic Chemistry

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. Common examples include alkyl groups (like methyl or ethyl) and functional groups (like hydroxyl or carboxyl). Identifying and naming these substituents correctly is crucial for providing a complete and accurate name for the compound.

Parent Chain Identification

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in a molecule, which serves as the foundation for naming the compound. When identifying the parent chain, one must consider the number of carbon atoms and the presence of substituents. This identification is vital for determining the base name of the compound and ensuring that all substituents are correctly positioned.