Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

Organic Chemistry

34. Nucleic Acids

Intro to Nucleic Acids

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Multiple Choice

DNA fragments cut by restriction enzymes can form two types of ends. What are these ends called?

Pointed ends and flat ends

Cohesive ends and non-cohesive ends

Sticky ends and blunt ends

Sharp ends and dull ends

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that restriction enzymes are proteins used to cut DNA at specific sequences, which is crucial in molecular biology for cloning and DNA manipulation.

Recognize that when restriction enzymes cut DNA, they can produce two types of ends: sticky ends and blunt ends.

Sticky ends, also known as cohesive ends, have overhanging single-stranded DNA sequences at the end of the cut. These overhangs can easily pair with complementary sequences, facilitating the ligation of DNA fragments.

Blunt ends are straight cuts across both DNA strands, resulting in no overhangs. While they can be ligated, it is generally less efficient than sticky ends due to the lack of complementary overhangs.

In summary, the two types of ends formed by restriction enzyme cuts are sticky ends and blunt ends, which are important for different applications in genetic engineering and molecular cloning.