Textbook Question
Classify each hydrogen atom in the following compounds as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).
e. norbornane (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane)
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Naming Cycloalkanes
4:35 minutesProblem 37e
Textbook Question
Each of the following descriptions applies to more than one alkane. In each case, draw and name two structures that match the description.
e. a (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkane
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The task is to draw and name two structures for each description that match the given criteria. For part (e), we need to create two structures of a (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkane. For part (f), we need to create two structures of a bicyclononane.
Step 2: For part (e), start by identifying the substituent group (2,3-dimethylpentyl). This group consists of a pentane chain with two methyl groups attached at positions 2 and 3. Attach this substituent to a cycloalkane ring. For the first structure, attach it to a cyclopentane ring. For the second structure, attach it to a cyclohexane ring. Ensure proper placement of the substituent to maintain the correct IUPAC naming.
Step 3: For part (f), understand the term 'bicyclononane.' A bicyclononane is a bicyclic compound with a total of nine carbon atoms in the structure. Use the general formula for bicyclic compounds: \( C_nH_{2n-2} \). For the first structure, create a bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane, which has bridge lengths of 4, 2, and 1 carbons. For the second structure, create a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, which has bridge lengths of 3, 3, and 1 carbons.
Step 4: Draw the structures for both parts. For part (e), ensure the (2,3-dimethylpentyl) group is correctly attached to the cycloalkane rings. For part (f), ensure the bicyclononane structures are drawn with the correct bridge lengths and connectivity. Verify that the total number of carbons in each structure matches the description.
Step 5: Name the structures using IUPAC nomenclature. For part (e), name the two (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkanes based on the size of the cycloalkane ring. For part (f), name the two bicyclononanes based on their bridge lengths. Double-check the names to ensure they are consistent with IUPAC rules.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above
Video duration:
4mKey Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Alkane Structure
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, connected by single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding the structural representation of alkanes, including branched and cyclic forms, is essential for drawing and naming the compounds described in the question.
Recommended video:
Guided course
02:47
Functionalizing Alkanes
Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes are a class of alkanes that contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure. They can be represented by the formula CnH2n, indicating that they have two fewer hydrogen atoms than their linear counterparts. Recognizing how to identify and draw cycloalkanes is crucial for accurately depicting the requested (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkane.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:11How to find the root name for cycloalkanes
Bicyclic Compounds
Bicyclic compounds are organic molecules that contain two interconnected rings. In the case of bicyclononane, it consists of nine carbon atoms arranged in two fused rings. Understanding the nomenclature and structural representation of bicyclic compounds is vital for correctly drawing and naming the bicyclononane as specified in the question.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:55The two types of bicyclic molecules
Related Videos
Related Practice