Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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4:27 minutes

Problem 11f

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
(f) 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent chain: The parent chain is 'octane,' which means it is a straight-chain alkane with 8 carbon atoms (C₈H₁₈).

Locate the substituent: The substituent is '4-(1,1-dimethylethyl),' which indicates a tert-butyl group (a carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups) attached to the fourth carbon of the parent chain.

Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain: Start numbering from the end of the chain closest to the substituent to ensure the substituent gets the lowest possible number. In this case, number the chain from left to right so that the substituent is on carbon 4.

Attach the substituent: Draw the tert-butyl group (1,1-dimethylethyl) on the fourth carbon of the octane chain. The tert-butyl group consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups (CH₃).

Verify the structure: Ensure that the structure adheres to the IUPAC naming rules, with the correct number of carbons in the parent chain and the substituent properly placed on the fourth carbon.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding the basic structure of alkanes is essential for drawing and interpreting their molecular representations.

Substituents in Organic Chemistry

Substituents are groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. In the case of 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane, the substituent is a tert-butyl group (1,1-dimethylethyl) attached to the fourth carbon of the octane chain. Recognizing how to identify and place substituents is crucial for accurately drawing organic structures.

Numbering of Carbon Chains

In organic chemistry, carbon chains are numbered to provide a clear indication of the position of substituents. The numbering starts from the end of the chain closest to the first substituent to ensure the lowest possible numbers. This systematic approach is vital for correctly interpreting and constructing the structure of compounds like 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane.

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