Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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2:12 minutes

Problem 36a,b

Textbook Question

Draw the structure that corresponds with each name.
a. 3-ethyloctane
b. 4-isopropyldecane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the basic structure of alkanes. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C_nH_2n+2. They consist of carbon atoms connected by single bonds, with hydrogen atoms filling the remaining valences.

Step 2: For 3-ethyloctane, start by drawing the main chain. Octane indicates a straight chain of 8 carbon atoms. Number these carbon atoms from 1 to 8.

Step 3: Identify the substituent group for 3-ethyloctane. The 'ethyl' group is a two-carbon substituent, CH₂CH₃. Attach this ethyl group to the third carbon atom in the octane chain.

Step 4: For 4-isopropyldecane, begin by drawing the main chain. Decane indicates a straight chain of 10 carbon atoms. Number these carbon atoms from 1 to 10.

Step 5: Identify the substituent group for 4-isopropyldecane. The 'isopropyl' group is a three-carbon substituent, (CH₃)₂CH. Attach this isopropyl group to the fourth carbon atom in the decane chain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It ensures that each compound has a unique name, which describes its structure. Understanding the rules of IUPAC nomenclature is essential for interpreting and drawing chemical structures from names.

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms with single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2. Recognizing the structure of alkanes, including straight-chain and branched forms, is crucial for drawing compounds like 3-ethyloctane and 4-isopropyldecane, which involve specific branching at designated carbon atoms.

Substituent Positioning

Substituent positioning refers to the location of groups attached to the main carbon chain in a molecule. In organic chemistry, the position is indicated by numbers, which correspond to the carbon atom in the chain. For example, in 3-ethyloctane, the ethyl group is attached to the third carbon, while in 4-isopropyldecane, the isopropyl group is attached to the fourth carbon, affecting the molecule's structure.

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