Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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5:31 minutes

Problem 12b

Textbook Question

Give each isomer its systematic name.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional group(s) present in each isomer. Functional groups determine the suffix or prefix of the systematic name. For example, alcohols (-OH) use the suffix '-ol', while ketones (-C=O) use the suffix '-one'.

Step 2: Determine the longest continuous carbon chain in each isomer that includes the functional group. This chain will serve as the parent chain, and its length determines the root name (e.g., 'meth-', 'eth-', 'prop-', etc.).

Step 3: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, starting from the end closest to the functional group. This ensures the functional group gets the lowest possible number.

Step 4: Identify and name any substituents (e.g., alkyl groups, halogens) attached to the parent chain. Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the parent chain.

Step 5: Combine the information into the systematic name by arranging substituents in alphabetical order, followed by the parent chain name and the suffix for the functional group. Use hyphens to separate numbers from words and commas to separate numbers.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Understanding isomerism is crucial for naming compounds systematically, as different isomers can have distinct names based on their structure.

Systematic Naming

Systematic naming, often guided by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) rules, provides a standardized method for naming chemical compounds. This involves identifying the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and the position of substituents. Mastery of these rules is essential for accurately naming isomers and communicating chemical information effectively.

Structural Representation

Structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which is vital for distinguishing between isomers. Common representations include Lewis structures, condensed formulas, and skeletal formulas. A clear understanding of these representations helps in visualizing the differences between isomers, which is necessary for their correct systematic naming.

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