Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting (N + 1) Rule

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting (N + 1) Rule

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Problem 60c

Textbook Question

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the type of hydrogen atoms in the molecule. Look for different environments such as alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, etc., and note the number of hydrogen atoms in each environment.

Determine the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms for each type of hydrogen. This is crucial for predicting the splitting pattern, as the number of neighboring hydrogens (n) will influence the splitting according to the n+1 rule.

Apply the n+1 rule to predict the splitting pattern. If a hydrogen atom has n neighboring hydrogens, it will be split into n+1 peaks. For example, if a hydrogen has 2 neighboring hydrogens, it will appear as a triplet.

Consider the coupling constants (J values) which can affect the appearance of the splitting pattern. Coupling constants are typically measured in Hz and can vary depending on the type of hydrogen and its environment.

Review the chemical shift values to understand the position of the peaks in the NMR spectrum. Chemical shifts are influenced by the electronic environment around the hydrogen atoms and can help in identifying the type of hydrogen.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds by analyzing the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms, their environment, and how they are connected within a molecule, which is crucial for predicting splitting patterns.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift refers to the position of an NMR signal relative to a standard reference, indicating the electronic environment of a nucleus. Different chemical environments cause shifts in the resonance frequency, helping to identify the type of hydrogen atoms present and their surroundings, which influences the splitting pattern.

Spin-Spin Coupling

Spin-spin coupling occurs when magnetic nuclei influence each other's magnetic fields, leading to signal splitting in NMR spectra. The number of peaks in a splitting pattern is determined by the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms, following the n+1 rule, where n is the number of adjacent hydrogens, essential for predicting splitting patterns.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Predict the splitting patterns for the signals given by the compounds in Problem 4.

Textbook Question

Draw all of the possible spin states to explain why a hydrogen with four neighbors appears as a quintet (quint, five peaks).

Textbook Question

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.

(a)

Textbook Question

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.

(b)

Textbook Question

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.

(e)

Textbook Question

Describe the ¹H NMR spectrum you would expect for each of the following compounds, indicating the relative positions of the signals:

b. CH₃OCH₂CH₂CH₂Br

Textbook Question

Describe the ¹H NMR spectrum you would expect for each of the following compounds, indicating the relative positions of the signals:

Textbook Question

Describe the ¹H NMR spectrum you would expect for each of the following compounds, indicating the relative positions of the signals:

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Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59. (c)

Key Concepts

NMR Spectroscopy

Chemical Shift

Spin-Spin Coupling

Watch next

Predict the splitting pattern for each of the indicated hydrogens in Assessment 15.59.
(c)