Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Condensed Structural Formula

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Condensed Structural Formula

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5:47 minutes

Problem 17f

Textbook Question

Convert the following condensed structures into skeletal structures:
f.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the main carbon chain in each condensed structure. This will serve as the backbone of the skeletal structure. Count the number of carbons in the chain to ensure accuracy.

Determine the positions of substituents (e.g., alkyl groups, halogens, or functional groups) on the main chain. Note their connectivity and placement based on the condensed structure.

Draw the skeletal structure by representing carbon atoms as vertices (corners) and omitting hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons. Use lines to represent bonds between carbons.

Add any substituents to the skeletal structure at the appropriate positions. For example, if there is a methyl group (-CH₃) attached to a specific carbon, draw a line branching off from that carbon to represent the substituent.

Double-check the skeletal structure to ensure it matches the condensed structure in terms of the number of carbons, substituents, and bond types (single, double, or triple bonds).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structures

Condensed structures are a way of representing organic molecules that show the connectivity of atoms without depicting all the bonds explicitly. In these structures, atoms are grouped together to indicate how they are connected, often omitting hydrogen atoms attached to carbons for simplicity. Understanding condensed structures is essential for converting them into skeletal structures, as it requires recognizing the molecular framework and functional groups present.

Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures, also known as line-angle formulas, are a simplified representation of organic molecules where carbon atoms are represented by vertices and hydrogen atoms are implied. In this format, each vertex represents a carbon atom, and the lines between them represent bonds. This method allows chemists to visualize complex molecules more easily, focusing on the overall shape and connectivity rather than individual atoms.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups in condensed structures is crucial for accurately converting them to skeletal structures, as these groups often dictate how the molecule will behave in chemical reactions.