Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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Problem 26a

Textbook Question

Name the following benzene derivatives using ortho, meta, and para to identify the relative position of substituents.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the benzene ring as the parent structure in the compound.

Observe the substituents attached to the benzene ring. In this case, there are two iodine (I) atoms attached.

Determine the relative positions of the substituents on the benzene ring. The iodine atoms are adjacent to each other, which corresponds to the ortho position.

Use the ortho, meta, and para nomenclature to describe the positions of the substituents. Since the iodine atoms are in adjacent positions, the compound is named using 'ortho'.

Combine the information to name the compound as 'ortho-diiodobenzene', indicating the positions and the type of substituents on the benzene ring.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Benzene Ring Structure

The benzene ring is a six-carbon cyclic structure with alternating double bonds, known as aromatic due to its stability and unique electron configuration. Each carbon atom in the ring is sp2 hybridized, allowing for a planar structure with delocalized π electrons above and below the ring, contributing to its chemical properties.

Ortho, Meta, and Para Positions

In benzene derivatives, substituents can be positioned relative to each other as ortho (adjacent), meta (separated by one carbon), or para (opposite each other). These terms help describe the relative positions of groups on the benzene ring, which is crucial for naming and understanding the chemical behavior of the compound.

IUPAC Nomenclature for Aromatic Compounds

The IUPAC system provides a standardized way to name aromatic compounds, using prefixes like ortho, meta, and para to indicate the positions of substituents. For example, a benzene ring with two iodine atoms in adjacent positions is named ortho-diiodobenzene, reflecting the spatial arrangement of the substituents.

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