Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

Organic Chemistry

18. Aromaticity

Naming Benzene Rings

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Problem 25c

Textbook Question

Name the following benzene derivatives according to IUPAC rules.
(c)

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Identify the parent compound: The parent compound in this structure is benzaldehyde, which consists of a benzene ring with an aldehyde group (CHO) attached.

Determine the substituents: The structure has two substituents on the benzene ring: a bromine (Br) and a chlorine (Cl).

Assign locants to the substituents: Number the carbon atoms in the benzene ring starting from the carbon attached to the aldehyde group as position 1. Assign the lowest possible numbers to the substituents. In this case, bromine is at position 3 and chlorine is at position 4.

Name the substituents: The substituents are named as bromo and chloro, based on their respective positions on the benzene ring.

Combine the names: Combine the substituents with the parent compound name, arranging them alphabetically and using the locants. The IUPAC name is 3-bromo-4-chlorobenzaldehyde.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Benzene Derivatives

Benzene derivatives are compounds that contain a benzene ring substituted with one or more functional groups. The properties and reactivity of these compounds can vary significantly based on the nature and position of the substituents. Understanding how to identify and name these derivatives is crucial for organic chemistry, as it lays the foundation for studying more complex aromatic compounds.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming chemical compounds. For benzene derivatives, the rules include identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the ring to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and naming the substituents in alphabetical order. Mastery of IUPAC rules is essential for clear communication in chemistry.

Substituent Effects

Substituent effects refer to how different groups attached to a benzene ring influence its chemical behavior and reactivity. Some substituents are electron-donating (activating) while others are electron-withdrawing (deactivating), affecting the ring's susceptibility to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Recognizing these effects is vital for predicting the outcomes of reactions involving benzene derivatives.

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