Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Ketones

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Ketones

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3:16 minutes

Problem 38j

Textbook Question

Name the following ketones and aldehydes. When possible, give both a common name and an IUPAC name.
(j)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the functional groups present in the molecule. The structure contains two ketone groups (C=O) and one hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a cyclohexane ring.

Step 2: Determine the parent chain. The parent chain is the cyclohexane ring, as it is the largest continuous ring structure.

Step 3: Assign locants to the substituents. Number the ring to give the ketone groups the lowest possible locants. The ketone groups are located at positions 1 and 3, and the hydroxyl group is at position 5.

Step 4: Name the compound using IUPAC nomenclature. The ketone groups are indicated by the suffix '-dione,' and the hydroxyl group is indicated by the prefix 'hydroxy.' Combine these elements to form the IUPAC name.

Step 5: Provide the common name if applicable. For cyclic diketones, common names may exist based on historical naming conventions, but they are less frequently used compared to IUPAC names.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of ketones and aldehydes, the carbonyl group (C=O) is the defining feature, with ketones having the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms, while aldehydes have it bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to derive the names of compounds based on their structure, including the identification of the longest carbon chain, the position of functional groups, and the use of prefixes and suffixes to indicate the type of compound, such as '-al' for aldehydes and '-one' for ketones.

Common Names vs. IUPAC Names

Common names are traditional names that may not follow systematic naming rules, often based on historical or trivial naming conventions. In contrast, IUPAC names are standardized and provide a clear, unambiguous way to identify compounds. Understanding both naming conventions is essential for accurately identifying and communicating about organic compounds, especially in academic and professional settings.

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