Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Ketones

Organic Chemistry

21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Naming Ketones

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2:22 minutes

Problem 1a

Textbook Question

Give the IUPAC name and (if possible) a common name for each compound.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. This chain will serve as the parent chain for naming the compound. Count the number of carbons in this chain to determine the base name (e.g., propane, butane, pentane, etc.).

Step 2: Locate and identify the functional groups attached to the parent chain. In this molecule, there is a hydroxyl (-OH) group and a ketone (C=O) group. Determine their positions by numbering the carbon atoms in the parent chain, starting from the end closest to the functional group with the highest priority.

Step 3: Assign priority to the functional groups based on IUPAC rules. The ketone group (C=O) has higher priority than the hydroxyl group (-OH). Therefore, the numbering of the chain should prioritize the ketone group.

Step 4: Name the compound by combining the base name of the parent chain with the suffix for the ketone (-one) and the prefix for the hydroxyl group (hydroxy-). Include the position numbers for each functional group in the name.

Step 5: If applicable, provide a common name for the compound. Common names are often derived from traditional naming conventions and may not follow strict IUPAC rules. For example, the compound might be referred to as a derivative of a simpler ketone or alcohol.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for identifying the structure of a compound based on its functional groups, carbon chain length, and branching. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately determining the IUPAC name of a compound, which includes identifying the longest carbon chain and the position of functional groups.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the given compound, the presence of both a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carbonyl group (C=O) indicates that it is a ketone with an alcohol, which influences its reactivity and properties. Recognizing these functional groups is crucial for naming and understanding the compound's behavior.

Common Names vs. IUPAC Names

Common names are informal names used in the chemical community that may not follow systematic naming rules, while IUPAC names are standardized and universally accepted. For many compounds, especially those with historical significance or widespread use, common names can be easier to remember. Understanding the difference between these naming conventions is important for accurately identifying and communicating about chemical substances.

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