Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Anhydrides

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Anhydrides

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1:54 minutes

Problem 42n,o

Textbook Question

Draw structures to correspond with the following common and systematic names:
(n) trichloroacetic anhydride
(o) ethyl N-methyl carbamate

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of trichloroacetic anhydride. An anhydride is formed by the condensation of two carboxylic acids. Trichloroacetic acid has the formula Cl₃C-COOH. To form the anhydride, two molecules of trichloroacetic acid lose a water molecule, resulting in the structure Cl₃C-CO-O-CO-CCl₃.

Step 2: Draw the structure of trichloroacetic anhydride. Start by drawing two trichloroacetic acid molecules (Cl₃C-COOH). Then, connect the carbonyl groups (C=O) of each molecule via an oxygen atom (O) to form the anhydride bond.

Step 3: Understand the structure of ethyl N-methyl carbamate. A carbamate is a functional group with the general structure R-O-C(=O)-NR₂. In this case, the R group attached to the oxygen is an ethyl group (CH₃CH₂-), and one of the substituents on the nitrogen is a methyl group (CH₃).

Step 4: Draw the structure of ethyl N-methyl carbamate. Start with the carbamate backbone (R-O-C(=O)-NR₂). Replace the R group attached to the oxygen with an ethyl group (CH₃CH₂-), and replace one of the R groups on the nitrogen with a methyl group (CH₃). The final structure is CH₃CH₂-O-C(=O)-NHCH₃.

Step 5: Verify the structures. Ensure that all atoms have the correct number of bonds and that the functional groups match the names provided. For trichloroacetic anhydride, confirm the presence of two trichloromethyl groups (Cl₃C-) and the anhydride bond. For ethyl N-methyl carbamate, confirm the ethyl group, carbamate group, and N-methyl substitution.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Anhydrides

Anhydrides are compounds formed from the removal of water from an acid. In organic chemistry, they often result from the condensation of two carboxylic acids or a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Trichloroacetic anhydride, for example, is derived from trichloroacetic acid and is used in various chemical reactions, including acylation.

Carbamates

Carbamates are esters of carbamic acid, characterized by the presence of the -NH(C=O)O- functional group. They are commonly used in pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Ethyl N-methyl carbamate, specifically, is an example where an ethyl group is attached to the oxygen of the carbamate, influencing its chemical properties and reactivity.

Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic method of naming chemical compounds based on their structure and functional groups. The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system provides rules for naming compounds, ensuring that each name conveys specific information about the molecular structure, such as the presence of functional groups and the arrangement of atoms.

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