Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Anhydrides

Organic Chemistry

22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Naming Anhydrides

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3:41 minutes

Problem 48g

Textbook Question

Draw a structure for each of the following:
g. benzoic anhydride

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid with the formula C₆H₅COOH. It consists of a benzene ring (C₆H₅) attached to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).

Step 2: Recall the structure of an anhydride. An anhydride is formed by the condensation of two carboxylic acid molecules, where a water molecule is removed. The general structure of an anhydride is R-CO-O-CO-R, where R represents the organic groups.

Step 3: Combine two benzoic acid molecules to form benzoic anhydride. Remove one molecule of water (H₂O) by eliminating an -OH group from one benzoic acid molecule and an -H from the other. This results in the formation of a bond between the two carbonyl groups through an oxygen atom.

Step 4: Draw the structure of benzoic anhydride. The structure will have two benzene rings (C₆H₅) attached to a central anhydride group (-CO-O-CO-). Each benzene ring is connected to a carbonyl group (C=O).

Step 5: Verify the structure. Ensure that the central oxygen atom is bonded to two carbonyl groups, and each carbonyl group is attached to a benzene ring. This confirms the correct structure of benzoic anhydride.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Anhydrides

Anhydrides are compounds formed from the removal of water from two carboxylic acids. They can be classified as either symmetric or asymmetric, depending on whether the two acids are the same or different. In organic chemistry, anhydrides are important for various reactions, including acylation, where they can react with nucleophiles to form esters or amides.

Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid is a simple aromatic carboxylic acid with the formula C6H5COOH. It consists of a benzene ring attached to a carboxyl group (-COOH). Understanding benzoic acid is crucial for drawing benzoic anhydride, as the anhydride is derived from two benzoic acid molecules through the loss of water.

Structural Representation

Structural representation in organic chemistry involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, including bonds and functional groups. For benzoic anhydride, it is essential to illustrate the two benzoic acid units connected by an anhydride bond (–C(=O)–O–C(=O)–). Mastery of structural representation aids in visualizing molecular interactions and predicting reactivity.

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