Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkenes

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1:24 minutes

Problem 6c

Textbook Question

Identify the following alkynes as terminal (T), internal/symmetrical (IS), or internal/unsymmetrical (IU).
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Recall the definitions of terminal, internal/symmetrical, and internal/unsymmetrical alkynes. A terminal alkyne (T) has the triple bond at the end of the carbon chain, with at least one hydrogen atom directly attached to one of the sp-hybridized carbons. An internal/symmetrical alkyne (IS) has the triple bond between two carbons that are symmetrically substituted. An internal/unsymmetrical alkyne (IU) has the triple bond between two carbons that are asymmetrically substituted.

Step 2: Examine the structure of the given alkyne (c). Identify the position of the triple bond within the carbon chain and determine the substituents attached to the sp-hybridized carbons.

Step 3: If one of the sp-hybridized carbons in the triple bond is bonded to a hydrogen atom, classify the alkyne as terminal (T).

Step 4: If both sp-hybridized carbons are bonded to carbon groups, check if the substituents on either side of the triple bond are identical. If they are identical, classify the alkyne as internal/symmetrical (IS).

Step 5: If both sp-hybridized carbons are bonded to carbon groups but the substituents on either side of the triple bond are different, classify the alkyne as internal/unsymmetrical (IU).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkynes

Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. They are unsaturated compounds, which means they have fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2, where n is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding the structure of alkynes is crucial for identifying their types based on their position in the carbon chain.

Terminal vs. Internal Alkynes

Terminal alkynes have the triple bond located at the end of the carbon chain, while internal alkynes have the triple bond between two carbon atoms within the chain. This distinction is important because it affects the reactivity and properties of the alkyne. Terminal alkynes can be converted into various functional groups through reactions, while internal alkynes often exhibit different chemical behaviors due to their structure.

Symmetrical vs. Unsymmetrical Alkynes

Symmetrical internal alkynes have identical groups attached to both sides of the triple bond, while unsymmetrical internal alkynes have different groups on either side. This classification is significant for predicting the outcomes of chemical reactions and understanding the physical properties of the compounds. Recognizing the symmetry in the structure helps in determining the reactivity and potential isomerism of the alkyne.

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