Put a number in each of the blanks: a. ___ s orbital and ___ p orbitals form ____ sp 3 orbitals. b. ___ s orbital and ___ p orbitals form ____ sp 2 orbitals. c. ___ s orbital and ___ p orbitals form ____ sp orbitals.

All right. Hi, everyone. So for this question, let's complete the blanks and each of these sentences with the appropriate number. So here we're talking about hybridization, right? And specifically when orbital's undergo hybridization, the type and number of each type of orbital is of course, going to determine the type and the number of hybrid orbital's formed. So that sounded like a mouthful, right? So let's say we have X amount of S orbital's plus Y amount of P orbital's plus Z amount of D orbital's. So after hybridization, the type of hybrid orbital that you're going to form is going to directly depend on the amount of each individual orbital you have, right. So each hybrid orbital, the amount of each individual orbital is going to correspond directly to our coefficient, right? The amount of each individual orbital. So each individual hybrid orbital is going to have X amount of S orbital's Y amount of P orbital's and Z amount of the orbital's within it. Mhm. Now, the total number of these hybrid orbital's is going to be the sum of each coefficient. So I should actually probably give myself a bit more space just so that it's easier to see. So I'm gonna move this off to the side here. And like I mentioned before, the number of hybrid orbital's is going to be the sum of each of your coefficients. So your X plus Y plus Z. So now let's go ahead and apply this math two parts, 123 part one here Features Sp three D orbital's after hybridization. So within the hybrid orbital, let's go ahead and match our superscripts to our coefficients for each individual orbital. So S P three D corresponds to one S orbital, three P orbital's and one D orbital. So now that we figured out the coefficients are total number of hybrid orbital's equals the sum of all of them. So three plus one plus one equals five sp three D orbital's after hybridization. And now we can focus on part two and part two features sp three D two orbital's after hybridization. So we have one s orbital three P orbital's and this time we have to D orbital's. So your total number of hybrids is going to be equal to one plus three plus two. So that's gonna be six sp three D two orbital's after hybridization. And now, lastly for part three, we have sp three D three orbital's, so that's one as orbital three P orbital's and three D orbital's. Yeah. So those are going to produce one plus three plus three equals seven sp three D three orbital's after hybridization. Mhm. So just to recap, right? For part one are blanks are going to be 1315, for part two are blanks are going to be 13 to 6. And for part three, our coefficient or rather our blanks are going to be 1337. So this corresponds to option C within the multiple choice. And so thank you very much for watching and I hope you found this helpful.

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1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
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33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Hybridization

Organic Chemistry

1. A Review of General Chemistry

Hybridization

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Problem 30

Textbook Question

Put a number in each of the blanks:
a. _ s orbital and _ p orbitals form __ sp³ orbitals.
b. _ s orbital and _ p orbitals form sp² orbitals.
c. _ s orbital and _ p orbitals form __ sp orbitals.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of hybridization. Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are degenerate (of equal energy) and suitable for bonding. The type of hybridization depends on the number of atomic orbitals involved.

Step 2: For sp3 hybridization, one s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals. This is typically seen in tetrahedral geometries, such as in methane (CH₄).

Step 3: For sp2 hybridization, one s orbital and two p orbitals combine to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals. This is commonly observed in trigonal planar geometries, such as in ethene (C₂H₄).

Step 4: For sp hybridization, one s orbital and one p orbital combine to form two sp hybrid orbitals. This is characteristic of linear geometries, such as in acetylene (C₂H₂).

Step 5: Fill in the blanks based on the above information: (a) 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals form 4 sp3 orbitals, (b) 1 s orbital and 2 p orbitals form 3 sp2 orbitals, (c) 1 s orbital and 1 p orbital form 2 sp orbitals.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hybridization

Hybridization is the process of combining atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds. In organic chemistry, hybridization explains the geometry of molecular structures, such as tetrahedral (sp3), trigonal planar (sp2), and linear (sp) arrangements.

Orbital Types

Atomic orbitals are regions in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. The s orbital is spherical, while p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and oriented along the x, y, and z axes. Understanding the types of orbitals involved in hybridization is crucial for predicting molecular shapes and bond angles.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. The type of hybridization determines the geometry: sp3 hybridization leads to a tetrahedral shape, sp2 results in a trigonal planar shape, and sp gives a linear shape. This geometry influences the physical and chemical properties of the molecules.

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Put a number in each of the blanks:a. ___ s orbital and ___ p orbitals form ____ sp3 orbitals. b. ___ s orbital and ___ p orbitals form ____ sp2 orbitals. c. ___ s orbital and ___ p orbitals form ____ sp orbitals.

Key Concepts

Hybridization

Orbital Types

Molecular Geometry

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Put a number in each of the blanks:
a. _ s orbital and _ p orbitals form __ sp³ orbitals.
b. _ s orbital and _ p orbitals form sp² orbitals.
c. _ s orbital and _ p orbitals form __ sp orbitals.