Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

5. Chirality

Constitutional Isomers vs. Stereoisomers

Organic Chemistry

5. Chirality

Constitutional Isomers vs. Stereoisomers

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2:55 minutes

Problem 47f

Textbook Question

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical
(f)

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the molecular formulas of the two molecules to ensure they are the same. If the molecular formulas differ, the molecules are not isomers.

Compare the connectivity of the atoms in the two molecules. If the connectivity differs but the molecular formula is the same, the molecules could be chain isomers, positional isomers, or functional group isomers.

If the connectivity is the same, analyze the spatial arrangement of the atoms. Check for stereoisomerism, which includes enantiomers and diastereomers. Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images, while diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images.

If the molecules differ only by rotation around a single bond, they are conformational isomers. These are the same molecule in different conformations.

If the molecules are identical in both connectivity and spatial arrangement, they are the same compound. Confirm this by overlaying the structures or using symmetry analysis.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements. This leads to distinct physical and chemical properties among the isomers. Understanding isomerism is crucial for analyzing the relationships between different molecules, as it encompasses various types such as structural isomers and stereoisomers.

Structural Isomers

Structural isomers are compounds that share the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This category includes chain isomers, which differ in the arrangement of the carbon skeleton, and positional isomers, which have the same functional groups but in different positions. Recognizing these differences is essential for understanding how molecular structure influences reactivity and properties.

Stereoisomers

Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. This group includes enantiomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images, and diastereomers, which are not mirror images of each other. The study of stereoisomerism is vital in organic chemistry, particularly in the context of chirality and its implications in biological systems.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:

same compound

constitutional isomers (structural isomers)

cis-trans isomers

not isomers (different molecular formula)

(j)

(k)

Textbook Question

Give the relationships between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are as follows: same compound, cis-trans isomers, constitutional (structural) isomers, and not isomers (different molecular formula).

(c)

(d)

Textbook Question

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical

(a)

Textbook Question

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical

(e)

Textbook Question

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical

(h)

Textbook Question

How many stereoisomers are possible for the following alkenes?

(d)

Textbook Question

How many stereoisomers are possible for each of the following molecules?

(e)

Textbook Question

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical.

(c)

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Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical (f)

Key Concepts

Isomerism

Structural Isomers

Stereoisomers

Watch next

Define the relationship between each set of two molecules as chain isomers, positional isomers, functional group isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, conformational isomers, or identical
(f)