Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

Previous problemNext problem

5:25 minutes

Problem 13c,d

Textbook Question

Give each substituent on the ten-carbon chain a common name and a parenthetical name
c.
d.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. This will be the parent chain, and in this case, it is a ten-carbon chain.

Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent. This ensures the lowest possible numbers for the substituents.

Step 3: Identify each substituent attached to the parent chain. Common substituents include alkyl groups like methyl (CH₃), ethyl (C₂H₅), propyl (C₃H₇), etc.

Step 4: Assign a common name to each substituent based on its structure. For example, a CH₃ group is commonly known as a 'methyl' group.

Step 5: Provide a parenthetical name for each substituent, which typically involves the number of carbon atoms in the substituent followed by '-yl'. For example, a two-carbon substituent is named 'ethyl' and parenthetically as '(C₂H₅)'.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above

Video duration:

Play a video:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Substituents in Organic Chemistry

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. They can significantly influence the chemical properties and reactivity of the molecule. Common examples include alkyl groups, halogens, and functional groups. Understanding how to identify and name these substituents is crucial for proper nomenclature.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. This includes rules for identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain, and naming substituents based on their position. Familiarity with IUPAC nomenclature is essential for accurately conveying the structure of organic molecules.

Common vs. Parenthetical Names

In organic chemistry, common names are often simpler and more widely recognized, while parenthetical names follow IUPAC rules and provide a systematic description of the compound. For example, 'ethyl' is a common name, while 'ethane' is its parenthetical name. Understanding the distinction between these naming conventions is important for clear communication in chemical literature.