Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkyl Groups

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3:45 minutes

Problem 12c

Textbook Question

How many isomers have common names?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of isomers. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms or the connectivity of bonds. There are different types of isomers, such as structural isomers and stereoisomers.

Step 2: Identify the molecular formula or structure of the compound in question. Without a specific molecular formula provided in the problem, consider a general approach to determine the number of isomers for a given compound.

Step 3: Determine the possible structural isomers. Structural isomers differ in the connectivity of atoms. For example, for a compound with the formula C4H10, the structural isomers are n-butane and isobutane.

Step 4: Consider stereoisomers if applicable. Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement. For example, cis-trans isomers or enantiomers may exist depending on the presence of double bonds or chiral centers.

Step 5: Check which of the identified isomers have common names. Common names are traditional names that are not based on IUPAC nomenclature. For example, isobutane is a common name for 2-methylpropane. Count the isomers with such names.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isomers

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Isomers can be classified into structural isomers, which differ in the connectivity of atoms, and stereoisomers, which have the same connectivity but differ in spatial orientation.

Common Names

Common names are the traditional names used to identify chemical compounds, often based on historical or trivial naming conventions rather than systematic nomenclature. These names can vary by region and may not reflect the compound's structure, making them less precise than IUPAC names. Understanding common names is essential for recognizing and communicating about various isomers.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature refers to the system of naming chemical compounds according to established rules, primarily set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This systematic approach helps in identifying the structure and functional groups of compounds. Familiarity with nomenclature is crucial for distinguishing between isomers and understanding their relationships.