Where does the chemical digestion of table sugar (sucrose) begin in the human body?

Provide the mechanism for the cyclic hemiacetal formation of the following hydroxycarbonyl.

Two structures of the sugar fructose are shown next. The cyclic structure predominates in aqueous solution.

(a) Number the carbon atoms in the cyclic structure. What is the functional group at C2 in the cyclic form?

(b) Propose a mechanism for the cyclization, assuming a trace of acid is present.

Draw the mechanism for the interconversion of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose in dilute HCl.

Allose is the C3 epimer of glucose. Draw the cyclic hemiacetal form of D-allose, first in the chair conformation and then in the Haworth projection.