Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 40m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following steps is common to both the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain in organic chemistry reactions?

Decolorization with alcohol

Use of a mordant

Application of a primary stain

Counterstaining with safranin

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the purpose of staining in microbiology: Staining is used to differentiate bacterial species and visualize cellular structures. The Gram stain and acid-fast stain are two common techniques.

Identify the primary stain in both staining methods: The primary stain is the first dye applied to the sample, which initially colors all cells. In the Gram stain, crystal violet is used as the primary stain, while in the acid-fast stain, carbol fuchsin is used.

Recognize the role of the primary stain: The primary stain is crucial as it binds to the cell wall components, allowing differentiation based on the cell's ability to retain the stain after subsequent steps.

Compare the staining processes: Both the Gram stain and acid-fast stain begin with the application of a primary stain, which is a common step in these procedures.

Conclude the commonality: The application of a primary stain is a shared step in both the Gram stain and acid-fast stain processes, highlighting its importance in the initial staining phase.