Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Glycolysis Summary

Organic Chemistry

33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Glycolysis Summary

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Multiple Choice

What is the net result of the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and fermentation?

2 ATP and 2 lactate

2 ATP and 2 ethanol

2 ATP and 2 NADH

4 ATP and 2 pyruvate

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that glycolysis is the process of breaking down one molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) into two molecules of pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃), producing a net gain of ATP and NADH.

In glycolysis, two ATP molecules are used in the initial steps, and four ATP molecules are produced in later steps, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Additionally, glycolysis produces 2 NADH molecules as it converts glucose to pyruvate.

Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows cells to regenerate NAD⁺ from NADH, enabling glycolysis to continue. Depending on the organism, fermentation can produce different end products.

In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to lactate, regenerating NAD⁺. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide, also regenerating NAD⁺. Consider these pathways to determine the net products of glycolysis and fermentation.