Multiple Choice
Which of the following organic reactions is responsible for the harmful effects of dinoflagellates on humans?
3. Acids and Bases
Organic Chemistry Reactions
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Which of the following reactions is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction?
A
Hydrolysis of an ester
B
Dehydration of an alcohol
C
Hydrogenation of an alkene
D
Conversion of an alkyl halide to an alcohol
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of nucleophilic substitution: In organic chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution reaction involves the replacement of a leaving group by a nucleophile. The nucleophile is an electron-rich species that donates a pair of electrons to form a new bond.
Identify the reaction types: Hydrolysis of an ester involves breaking the ester bond with water, dehydration of an alcohol involves removing water to form an alkene, and hydrogenation of an alkene involves adding hydrogen to convert an alkene to an alkane.
Focus on the conversion of an alkyl halide to an alcohol: This reaction involves the substitution of the halide group (the leaving group) with a hydroxyl group (OH), which acts as the nucleophile.
Recognize the mechanism: In the conversion of an alkyl halide to an alcohol, the nucleophile (OH-) attacks the carbon atom bonded to the halide, leading to the displacement of the halide ion and formation of the alcohol.
Conclude the identification: The conversion of an alkyl halide to an alcohol is a classic example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction, as it involves the substitution of a halide group by a nucleophile (OH-).
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