Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry Reactions

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Multiple Choice

In the context of organic chemistry reactions, why are the theoretical yield and actual yield of a reaction often not the same?

Actual yield is calculated based on the limiting reagent, while theoretical yield is not.

Theoretical yield assumes perfect conditions, while actual yield accounts for losses and inefficiencies.

Theoretical yield includes impurities, while actual yield does not.

Theoretical yield is always lower than actual yield due to side reactions.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of theoretical yield: The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be generated from a given amount of reactants, assuming complete conversion and no losses. It is calculated based on stoichiometry and assumes ideal conditions.

Understand the concept of actual yield: The actual yield is the amount of product actually obtained from a reaction. It is often less than the theoretical yield due to various factors such as incomplete reactions, side reactions, and losses during the process.

Identify the role of the limiting reagent: The actual yield is calculated based on the limiting reagent, which is the reactant that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of product formed. The theoretical yield also considers the limiting reagent but assumes perfect conversion.

Consider the impact of reaction conditions: Theoretical yield assumes perfect conditions without any inefficiencies or losses. In reality, reactions may have impurities, incomplete conversions, or side reactions that reduce the actual yield.

Recognize the factors affecting yield: Factors such as reaction kinetics, equilibrium, purification processes, and measurement errors can lead to discrepancies between theoretical and actual yields. Understanding these can help in optimizing reaction conditions to improve actual yield.