Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

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1:19 minutes

Problem 11c

Textbook Question

Identify the acid from which the following conjugate bases were formed. [The most basic atom is indicated.]
(c)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of conjugate bases. A conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton (H⁺). To identify the acid, you need to add a proton back to the conjugate base.

Step 2: Examine the structure of the conjugate base provided in the problem. Identify the most basic atom, as this is the site where the proton was removed.

Step 3: Add a proton (H⁺) to the most basic atom in the conjugate base. This will reverse the deprotonation process and reconstruct the original acid.

Step 4: Write the chemical formula or structure of the acid formed after adding the proton. Ensure the valency and bonding are correct.

Step 5: Verify the acid by considering its chemical properties and ensuring it matches the expected acid that corresponds to the given conjugate base.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor. Understanding this concept is crucial for identifying conjugate acids and bases, as the conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that differ by the presence or absence of a proton. When an acid donates a proton, it becomes its conjugate base, and the base that accepts the proton becomes its conjugate acid. Recognizing these pairs helps in determining the original acid from which a conjugate base is derived.

Basicity and Electronegativity

Basicity refers to the ability of a species to accept protons, which is influenced by the electronegativity of the atoms involved. The most basic atom in a conjugate base is typically the one that can stabilize the negative charge most effectively. Understanding the relationship between basicity and electronegativity is essential for identifying the original acid based on the properties of its conjugate base.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in each of the following reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

What is the conjugate base of each of the following acids? [The most acidic proton is indicated.]

(c)

Textbook Question

What is the conjugate acid of each of the following bases? [The most basic atom is indicated.]

(d)

Textbook Question

Predict the product of the following Lewis acid–Lewis base reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

Identify the base from which the following conjugate acids were formed. [The most acidic proton is indicated.]

(c)

Textbook Question

Using the convention that the acid and base are on the left side of the chemical equation, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions.

(a)

Textbook Question

Using the convention that the acid and base are on the left side of the chemical equation, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

When an atom loses a proton in an acid–base reaction, its formal charge is decreased by one. Thinking about the equation for calculating formal charge, explain this observation in your own words.

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Identify the acid from which the following conjugate bases were formed. [The most basic atom is indicated.] (c)

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Theory

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Basicity and Electronegativity

Watch next

Identify the acid from which the following conjugate bases were formed. [The most basic atom is indicated.]
(c)