Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Organic Chemistry

3. Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

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2:08 minutes

Problem 14a

Textbook Question

Using the convention that the acid and base are on the left side of the chemical equation, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the acid and base on the left side of the chemical equation. The acid is the species that donates a proton (H⁺), and the base is the species that accepts a proton.

Determine the conjugate acid and conjugate base on the right side of the equation. The conjugate acid is formed when the base gains a proton, and the conjugate base is formed when the acid loses a proton.

Label the acid and base on the left side of the equation based on their roles in the proton transfer process.

Label the conjugate acid and conjugate base on the right side of the equation based on the products formed after the proton transfer.

Verify the labels by ensuring that the acid-base pair on each side of the equation differs by one proton (H⁺). This confirms the correct identification of acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory

The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. In a chemical reaction, the acid donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to the base, which accepts it. This framework helps in identifying the roles of substances in acid-base reactions, making it essential for labeling acids and bases in chemical equations.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that differ by the presence of a single proton. When an acid donates a proton, it transforms into its conjugate base, while the base that accepts the proton becomes its conjugate acid. Understanding these pairs is crucial for identifying the products of acid-base reactions and their respective roles.

Chemical Equation Representation

Chemical equations represent the reactants and products of a reaction, showing how substances interact. In the context of acid-base reactions, the left side typically contains the acid and base, while the right side shows the conjugate acid and conjugate base. Properly labeling these components is vital for understanding the dynamics of the reaction.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

What is the conjugate acid of each of the following bases? [The most basic atom is indicated.]

(d)

Textbook Question

Predict the product of the following Lewis acid–Lewis base reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

Identify the acid from which the following conjugate bases were formed. [The most basic atom is indicated.]

(c)

Textbook Question

Identify the base from which the following conjugate acids were formed. [The most acidic proton is indicated.]

(c)

Textbook Question

Using the convention that the acid and base are on the left side of the chemical equation, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions.

(c)

Textbook Question

When an atom loses a proton in an acid–base reaction, its formal charge is decreased by one. Thinking about the equation for calculating formal charge, explain this observation in your own words.

Open Question

An unknown base (B⁻) has been identified as very weak. What does this tell you about the strength of its conjugate acid, HB? Is it stable or unstable? Is it reactive or unreactive?

Open Question

An unknown base (B⁻) has been identified as very weak. What does this tell you about the strength of its conjugate acid, HB? Is it stable or unstable? Is it reactive or unreactive?

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Using the convention that the acid and base are on the left side of the chemical equation, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions. (a)

Key Concepts

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Chemical Equation Representation

Watch next

Using the convention that the acid and base are on the left side of the chemical equation, label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions.
(a)