Give the systematic names for all alkanes with molecular formula C 7 H 16 that do not have any secondary hydrogens.

Hello everyone. So in this video, we have to give the systematic names for all al canes that do not have a secondary hydrogen with the molecular formula of C six H 14. So al canes do not have any element of considerations. That's the ring or double bond or a triple bond. Even All possible structures of all canes with this formula of C H14 are. So let's go ahead and draw these out. So first, our compound is going to have just linear chain of six carbons. So that's just compound A, we'll call that. And then for another variation is going to be if we have one metal branch. So we have this linear chain in a branch here. So that's going to be compound B. Another one is if we have a methyl group at the middle region of our molecule, the same exact chain from B but this mental group is in the middle. So we'll name that as compound. See the compound D is if we have a shorter chain and more methods constituents. So one methyl group here and down here that will call compound D. And lastly, we'll have two methyl groups in the same LoConte. So we'll have this linear chain here with two method groups in the same position. So call that compound E. So by examining the structures of compound A through E, we can see that only compound D which I'll go ahead and circle. This one here does not have a secondary hydrogen cartridges hydrogen that is attached to a secondary carbon. So to name our compound D, then we first identify the longest chain of carbon atoms. So for carbon D, the longest continuous chain has four carbon atoms. So this means that the name of this parent chain is butane. So write that out. So parents is going to be beauty. Alright. Now, second step here is to find the types of constituents and their positions in the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. So here, for example, compound D, there's a method group attached to carbon number two And the carbon # three of the longest continuous chain here. So the appropriate name for our compound is going to be 2, 3 di muffle beauty. Let's break this name apart a little bit more. So we see we have 23. So that's the carbon numbers here that contains the two methyl groups. And because we have two methyl groups, we put the prefix of die. So we have dimethyl, their parent chain is this right here. And that's a butane group. So we have 23 dimethyl butane for compounds D which is the only out Kane with molecular formula C six H 14 does not have any secretary high regions. So go ahead and highlight this whole thing here indicating that that's going to be our final answer for this problem.

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1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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3:09 minutes

Problem 69

Textbook Question

Give the systematic names for all alkanes with molecular formula C₇H₁₆ that do not have any secondary hydrogens.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The molecular formula C7H16 corresponds to an alkane with 7 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms. The problem specifies that the alkanes must not have any secondary hydrogens. A secondary hydrogen is a hydrogen atom attached to a secondary carbon, which is a carbon bonded to two other carbons.

Step 2: Recall the structural requirements. To avoid secondary hydrogens, the structure must consist only of primary carbons (bonded to one other carbon) and/or tertiary carbons (bonded to three other carbons). This means the alkane must be highly branched.

Step 3: Begin constructing possible structures. Start with the most branched structure for C7H16. A highly branched structure ensures that no carbon is secondary. For example, consider a structure where all carbons are either primary or tertiary.

Step 4: Verify the structure. Check that the total number of carbons is 7 and the total number of hydrogens is 16. Additionally, confirm that no carbon has a secondary hydrogen by ensuring no carbon is bonded to exactly two other carbons.

Step 5: Assign the systematic name. Use IUPAC nomenclature rules to name the structure. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain, name the substituents, and number the chain to give the substituents the lowest possible numbers. Combine these elements to write the systematic name for the alkane.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, connected by single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. In the case of C7H16, the structure must adhere to this formula, indicating it is a straight-chain or branched alkane.

Hydrogen Types

Hydrogens in organic compounds can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atom to which they are attached. A primary hydrogen is attached to a primary carbon (one carbon neighbor), while a secondary hydrogen is attached to a secondary carbon (two carbon neighbors). The question specifies alkanes without secondary hydrogens, meaning all hydrogens must be attached to primary or tertiary carbons.

Systematic Naming (IUPAC)

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. For alkanes, names are derived from the longest continuous carbon chain, with prefixes indicating the number of carbons (e.g., hept- for seven). Branches and substituents are named and numbered according to their position on the main chain, ensuring clarity and consistency in chemical communication.

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