Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC Naming

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1:52 minutes

Problem 11d

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:
d. 2,4,5-trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptane

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Start by identifying the parent chain. The parent chain is 'heptane,' which means it is a straight chain of 7 carbon atoms. Draw a linear chain of 7 carbons, ensuring all are connected by single bonds.

Step 2: Number the parent chain from one end to the other. Choose the numbering direction that gives the substituents the lowest possible numbers. In this case, number the chain from left to right.

Step 3: Add the substituents to the parent chain based on their positions and names. The substituents are: (a) three methyl groups at positions 2, 4, and 5, and (b) a 1-methylethyl group at position 4. Place these groups accordingly on the numbered parent chain.

Step 4: For the 1-methylethyl group at position 4, recall that it is a branched substituent. It consists of a central carbon attached to one methyl group and one ethyl group. Draw this branching structure at carbon 4 of the parent chain.

Step 5: Verify the structure by ensuring all carbons have the correct number of bonds (four bonds per carbon), and confirm that the substituents are placed correctly according to the IUPAC name. Double-check the numbering and connectivity to ensure accuracy.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for identifying the structure of a compound based on its name, including the longest carbon chain, substituents, and their positions. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately interpreting the name '2,4,5-trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptane' and drawing its structure.

Structural Representation

Structural representation involves illustrating the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. This includes showing how carbon atoms are connected, the presence of functional groups, and the overall geometry. For '2,4,5-trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptane', one must visualize and depict the heptane backbone with its specified methyl and isopropyl substituents.

Isomerism

Isomerism refers to the existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. In the case of '2,4,5-trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptane', recognizing potential isomers is important for understanding how different structural forms can affect the properties and reactivity of the compound. This concept is crucial when drawing and analyzing organic structures.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for the following:

f. 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)decane

Textbook Question

Draw skeletal structures for the following:

e. 2-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)octane

Textbook Question

Give the systematic names for all alkanes with molecular formula C₇H₁₆ that do not have any secondary hydrogens.

Textbook Question

Draw the structure for each of the following:

e. 2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)octane

Textbook Question

A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.

k. 2-methyl-2-isopropylheptane

Textbook Question

Draw a condensed structure and a skeletal structure for each of the following:

g. 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)heptane

Textbook Question

Correct the following incorrect names using standard IUPAC nomenclature. [Draw a compound that corresponds to the incorrect name, and then rename it.]

Textbook Question

Correct the following incorrect names using standard IUPAC nomenclature. [Draw a compound that corresponds to the incorrect name, and then rename it.]

(d) 4-butyldecane

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Draw the structure for each of the following: d. 2,4,5-trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptane

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

Structural Representation

Isomerism

Watch next

Draw the structure for each of the following:
d. 2,4,5-trimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)heptane