Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

Organic Chemistry

4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Naming Alkyl Halides

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9:20 minutes

Problem 3c,d

Textbook Question

For each of the following compounds,
1. give the IUPAC name.
2. give the common name (if possible).
3. classify the compound as a methyl, primary, secondary, or tertiary halide.
c.
d.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the first compound (image 1). Identify the longest carbon chain containing the halogen (chlorine) atom. This chain has 4 carbons, so the parent name is 'butane'.

Step 2: Number the carbon chain such that the halogen (chlorine) gets the lowest possible number. The chlorine is attached to the first carbon, so the base name becomes '1-chlorobutane'.

Step 3: Identify and name the substituents. There is an ethyl group (-CH2CH3) attached to the second carbon. Combine this with the parent name to get '2-ethyl-1-chlorobutane' as the IUPAC name.

Step 4: For the common name, this compound can be referred to as 'sec-butyl chloride' because the chlorine is attached to a secondary carbon in a butyl group.

Step 5: Classify the compound. Since the carbon bonded to the chlorine is attached to two other carbons, this is a secondary (2°) halide.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, determining the functional groups, and assigning locants to indicate the position of substituents. For halides, the name includes the halogen as a substituent, with prefixes indicating the number of halogen atoms present.

Classification of Halides

Halides are classified based on the carbon atom to which the halogen is attached. A methyl halide has the halogen on a carbon with three hydrogens, a primary halide on a carbon with two hydrogens, a secondary halide on a carbon with one hydrogen, and a tertiary halide on a carbon with no hydrogens. This classification affects the reactivity and properties of the compounds.

Common Names of Organic Compounds

Common names are traditional names used for organic compounds that may not follow IUPAC rules. They often reflect the structure or origin of the compound. For example, 'ethyl chloride' is a common name for chloroethane. Understanding common names is essential for recognizing and communicating about compounds in organic chemistry.